Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a distinctive ability to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This phenomenon has inspired extensive research in numerous fields, including biomedical imaging, medicine, and optoelectronics. However, the potential toxicity of UCNPs raises significant concerns that necessitate tho

Chemical formulas serve the building blocks of matter. Comprehending these formulas provides a essential understanding for navigating the diverse world of chemistry. They encode information about the species of atoms existing in a compound, as well as their relative quantities. A chemical formula can quickly depict the structure of atoms within a